Hainault Forest

SEPTEMBER 2025

Southern Hawker

Aeshna cyanea

Southern Hawker
Aeshna cyanea

TQ4793 12/09/2025 ©Mike Rumble

Southern Hawker dragonflies hunt along woodland paths often late into warm evenings and often away from water. They are large, solitary, and inquisitive. Males are dark with bright blue and green markings. Males have eyes that are blue above, females have eyes that are greenish-brown from above.

Southern Hawker
Aeshna cyanea

TQ4793 12/09/2025 ©Mike Rumble

Males are dark with bright blue and green markings. Occasionally males with all-blue markings occur.

Clouded Yellow

Colias croceus

Clouded Yellow
Colias croceus

TQ4792 12/09/2025 ©Raymond Small

The Clouded Yellow butterfly is an immigrant normally originating from North Africa and Southern Europe. Numbers vary and some years we don't see them at Hainault Forest.

Small Copper

Lycaena phlaeas

Small Copper
Lycaena phlaeas

TQ4792 12/09/2025 ©Raymond Small

Small Copper butterflies are usually found in the meadows. They are fairly solitary creatures and it is rare to see more than one or two together. Males are territorial, and often act aggressively towards any passing insects, returning to the same spot when the chase is over. The caterpillars feed mainly on Sheep's sorrel.

Grey Wagtail

Motacilla cinerea

Grey Wagtail
Motacilla cinerea

TQ4792 11/09/2025 ©Michael Trump

Grey Wagtails are resident throughout the year. Their diet consists of insects.

Grey Wagtail
Motacilla cinerea

TQ4793 ©Mike Rumble

They usually frequent streams and can be distinguished from Yellow Wagtails by the grey back and longer tail.

Green Woodpecker

Picus viridis

Green Woodpecker
Picus viridis

TQ4792 07/09/2025 ©Michael Trump

Green Woodpeckers nest in trees, but unlike other woodpecker species are rarely heard drumming against trees. They have undulating flight and a laughing call of "Yah-yah-yah!" Males possess red moustaches, enabling them to easily be told apart from females.

Stonechat

Saxicola torquata

Stonechat
Saxicola torquata

TQ4793 28/09/2025 ©Michael Trump

Stonechats are winter visitors that consume Insects, fruits and seeds. The call of this species sounds like two stones being knocked together. Males have black heads, white necks, orange-buff breasts and brown backs.

Stonechat
Saxicola torquata

TQ4793 28/09/2025 ©Michael Trump

Females do not have black heads.

Little Egret

Egretta garzetta

Little Egret
Egretta garzetta

TQ4792 23/09/2025 ©Michael Trump

Little Egrets are winter visitors believed to have first arrived in England during the 1950s. The species is now well established in Britain with an increasing population. This small member of the Heron family has a white head, back and chest, black legs and bill and yellow feet. They feed on fish.

Grey Heron

Ardea cinerea

Grey Heron
Ardea cinerea

TQ4792 27/09/2025 ©Michael Trump

Britain's largest long-legged wading birds are regular visitors to Hainault Lake where they feed on fish, amphibians and small mammals. They are seen throughout the year at the water's edge and in the meadows.

Kestrel

Falco tinnunculus

Kestrel
Falco tinnunculus

TQ4793 07/09/2025 ©Michael Trump

The Kestrel is a small bird of prey known for its distinctive hovering flight when hunting for food in the meadows.

Kestrel
Falco tinnunculus

TQ4793 07/09/2025 ©Michael Trump

Kestrels mainly consume small mammals such as voles and mice, but will also feed on small birds and insects.

Starling

Sturnus vulgaris

Starling
Sturnus vulgaris

TQ4792 07/09/2025 ©Mike Rumble

Starlings are noisy songsters that gather in large groups on bushes. They appear blackish from far away, but when nearer a shiny sheen of purple and green is evident. Their diet consists of invertebrates and fruits.

Starling
Sturnus vulgaris

TQ4792 20/09/2025 ©Mike Rumble

The winter plumage belonging to Starlings is browner than in summer, and white flecks in the feathers are particularly visible during autumn.

Wren

Troglodytes troglodytes

Wren
Troglodytes troglodytes

TQ4792 07/09/2025 ©Mike Rumble

The Wren is the most common breeding bird in Britain. They are often seen flitting through the undergrowth. For such small birds they have remarkably loud voices.

Long-tailed Tit

Aegithalos caudatus

Long-tailed Tit
Aegithalos caudatus

TQ4792 22/09/2025 ©Mike Rumble

Long-tailed Tits are usually seen in small noisy groups flying around woodland trees and hedgerows. They feed on insects, sometimes switching to seeds in autumn and winter.

Shoveler

Anas clypeata

Shoveler
Anas clypeata

TQ4792 21/09/2025 ©Mike Rumble

Shovelers are surface feeding ducks with large spatulate bills. These winter visitors are often seen at Hainault Lake. They trawl for insects and plant material with their bills in the water.

Shoveler
Anas clypeata

TQ4792 21/09/2025 ©Mike Rumble

Females are mottled brown with colourful speculum which are revealed when they spread their wings.

Moorhen

Gallinula chloropus

Moorhen
Gallinula chloropus

TQ4793 23/09/2025 ©Raymond Small

Two Moorhens at Roes Well. Their nest has been built in a secluded position away from prying eyes.

Angle Shades

Phlogophora meticulosa

Angle Shades
Phlogophora meticulosa

TQ4692 18/09/2025 ©Raymond Small

The Angle Shade is a common moth that has two generations each year, the first in spring and the second in autumn. Its larvae feed on herbaceous and woody plants. It has excellent camouflage and can be mistaken for a crumpled leaf when resting.

Straw Underwing

Thalpophila matura

Straw Underwing
Thalpophila matura

TQ4692 08/09/2025 ©Raymond Small

The Straw Underwing is a common moth on the wing in July and August. Its larvae feed on various grasses. The underwings are straw-coloured.

Square-spot Rustic

Xestia xanthographa

Square-spot Rustic
Xestia xanthographa

TQ4692 08/09/2025 ©Raymond Small

The Square-spot Rustic is on the wing from July until October. Its larvae feed on grasses and small herbaceous plants.

An Amateur Naturalist

Laetisaria lichenicola

TQ4792 13/09/2025 ©Raymond Small

Brian Ecott, creator of the original Hainault Forest Website, enjoying a seat commissioned in recognition of his wildlife recording work. It was provided to make a convenient resting place for him between the bus stop and the cafe. A visitor to the forest since boyhood, Brian has submitted thousands of records over the years. His noteworthy claim to fame is identifying the fungus Laetisaria lichenicola which received a mention in British Wildlife Volume 28 No.2 in 2016. Although fairly widespread, the fungus had been overlooked by the experts, proving that amateur naturalists can play an important role in recording wildlife!

Laetisaria lichenicola

The Full Story

On Sunday January 3rd 2016 with Mick Rumble in tow, Brian Ecott was searching the abundant lichens in Hainault Forest that are very noticeable during the winter months. Discovering pink-coloured Physcia tenella. he asked Mick to take some pictures. Brian searched books and the internet for an answer eventually finding a paper published in America during 2011 showing a pink portion of lichen. Armed with this information, Brian emailed John Skinner, Lichenologist for the Essex Field Club and London Natural History Society. John asked him to keep the specimens dry and send them to him for forwarding to Mark Powell a specialist lichenologist who would examine the specimen under the microscope. Details were forwarded to Dr Brian Coppins, Lichenologist at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh who agreed that this was indeed Laetisaria lichenicola. No official records existed of this fungus in the UK until Brian's record which put Hainault Forest firmly on the map.


Brian received the following e-mail  from Mark Powell on the October 3rd 2016:

"You really started something with your discovery of Laetisaria lichenicola. It has been added to just about every county in which it has been looked for. Last week was the Autumn meeting of the British Lichen Society in the North Yorks Moors and L. lichenicola was found several times and was much discussed. I now use your discovery as an example of how organisms are often identified in reality. Rather rarely (with lichens at least) is the 'answer' arrived at by carefully working through a dichotomous key. Browsing images is a valid means of arriving at a tentative identification as long as this is followed up by appropriate validation. This is exactly what you did, had a suspicion based on morphological appearance and then took the trouble to send a specimen for validation".

Gypsywort

Lycopus europaeus

Gypsywort
Lycopus europaeus

TQ4793 01/09/2025 ©Raymond Small

Gypsywort grows in wet locations. It is a member of the Mint family. The leaves possess a mild scent with an overall fragrance being fairly mild and not especially strong. The plant is named after its traditional use by Romany people for dyeing.

Gypsywort
Lycopus europaeus

TQ4793 01/09/2025 ©Raymond Small

Gipsywort is a slightly hairy plant with small odourless flowers (4mm) which grow in dense whorls at the base of the uppermost leaves.

Michaelmas Daisy

Aster sp.

Michaelmas Daisy
Aster

TQ4792 22/09/2025 ©Raymond Small

Michaelmas Daisies are usually in full flower during September. Michaelmas was a traditional feast day which signified the end of the harvest. Celebrated annually on September 29th it marked the start of autumn and the beginning of shorter days.  During medieval times, Michaelmas was a significant date for legal, academic, and financial matters to be settled. Today the Met Office regards September 1st as the first day of autumn, ending on November 30th.

Hedgehog Gall

Andricus lucidus

Hedgehog Gall
Andricus lucidus

TQ4792 11/09/2025 ©Raymond Small

Hedgehog Galls are caused by an agamous generation of a gall wasp on English Oak. They grow on buds, producing roughly a hundred spines about a centimetre long. The spines have rounded tips.

Fallow Deer

Movie ©Michael Trump

Driving along the A1112 at night.

Coral Slime Mould

Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa

Coral Slime Mould
Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa

TQ4893 22/09/2025 ©Raymond Small

Fairly common in Hainault Forest, this slime mould normally appears after damp weather, in white and sometimes yellow forms. When mature the fruit bodies remain soft and watery. They can cover large areas of fallen trunks, branches and stumps. Up to 4mm tall.

Flame Shield

Pluteus aurantiorugosus

Flame Shield
Pluteus aurantiorugosus

TQ4792 12/09/2025 ©Mike Rumble

Fire Shield is not a common fungus and this is the first record the website is aware of in Hainault Forest. One fruiting body was found inside a cavity on an old deciduous log, the damaged cap of another was discovered loose on the ground. This species is said to have a preference for living in cavities on deciduous trees.

Flame Shield
Pluteus aurantiorugosus

TQ4792 12/09/2025 ©Mike Rumble

The crowded white gills become pinkish with age. Stems are yellowish with orange-red dots. This species is mostly seen from August to October in woodlands and groves.

Flame Shield
Pluteus aurantiorugosus
Spores

TQ4792 16/09/2025 ©Raymond Small

The spores are smooth and ellipsoidal and measure 5.5-7.5 x 4.5-5.5µm.

Devil's coach horse

Ocypus olens

Devil's Coachhorse
Ocypus olens

TQ4793 16/09/2025 ©Raymond Small

The Devil's coach horse beetle hunts invertebrates after dark. It curls up its abdomen like the tail of a scorpion when defending itself.

Fox

Vulpes vulpes

Movie TQ4692 23/09/2025 ©Raymond Small

Thank you to everyone that has contributed this month.


The Journals are now taking a short break to allow time for other projects.

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